through the early 1960s.

through the early 1960s, armies of the advanced states expanded high rates of conversion to qualitatively recently made known weapon systems. Their combat characteristics were based upon numerous electronic facilities (EF) of different designation. In a reaction, this abiding habitation also modernized the existing EW equipment and exhibited its new models. But the general organization of investigations businessed with military scientific validation of priorities in progression in a continuously ascending gradation and the required specifications and performance characteristics (SPC) was at that time a bottleneck in R & D onward EW equipment. In that period the military technical question s involved in EW were tackled by the agency of dozens of independent divisions at research establishments hie by the services and the MOD on the contrary there was no unified coordination upon the part of the Armed Forces leadership. In this connection, the USSR Defense Ministry came up with the initiative to risk up a single center, and to such a degree the CPSU Central Committee and the USSR Council of Ministers endorsed the determine on July 21, 1959, entitled "On the Creation of a Research Testing Center of MOD" (21st RTC MOD) A directive issued from the Chief of General Staff in succession April 19, 1960, laid down December 25 1960 as the deadline, before which the Center was to be formed, and that day later became the date of its inauguration. The glorious history of the research establishment which I generally head began on that memorable day, and its evolution passed by means of a number of stages.

Stage the same (1961-1970)

What started the Center forward its way was a peculiar triune task oriented to securing a qualitative leap forward in theory and practice of electronic warfare. The first task, for example, was about forecasting the progression in a continuously ascending gradation of the potential adversary's electronic weapons and validating onward that basis the current and long-term aims of investigations, R & D production and combat use of EW assets. The other task was about coordinating scientific investigations into matters related to electronic warfare that were pursu by means of research establishments of the MOD research institutes of the Ministry of Defense Industries (MODI) and universities. Its aim was to spe up the increase of efficient assets and rules of EW. The uniqueness of the third task was in that it was necessary to expand the research, production and testing infrastructure capable of a glutted cycle of R & D onward EW equipment, starting from the inception of an idea to the manufacture of an experimental model

Maj. Gen A.G. Yershov an experienced EW specialist, was the man who headed the Center's effort to deal with this triune task. Within a brief timeframe he managed to prepare the surface of land for both its manning with personnel and the start of scientific investigations.

Maj. Gen V.I. Kuznetsov was appointed to head the 21 RTC MOD in 1963 He held the work at jobs for more than 20 years and during that time the Center came into its confess and developed successfully as the MOD's principal research establishment specializing in matters of electronic warfare.

The fist stage laid the firm foundation of a plan methodology to investigate the military question s of EW. It also created a unique laboratory and testing-range measuring infrastructure. The main scientific achievements in that period where the above three tasks are bear uponed are as follows: creation of scientific underpinnings for investigations into EW problems; unravelling of theoretical methods to evaluate the impact of jamming forward the potential adversary's electronic systems; creation of theoretical foundations for identifying real targets among decoys; unravelling of the concept and principles of ECM technique directed against radar, radio communications and optical electronic equipment; growth of methods for evaluating combat efficiency of EW equipment and for military economic validation of EW weapon system; progress to maturity of unified methodologies for measuring target characteristics, which the pair MOD and MODI could use.

The be the effects obtained made it possible to form a classification of views on EW, lay the foundations of MOD's unified technical policy in this area, and perform the operations indicated in the first program for the delivery of EW equipment to the Armed Forces.

Of earnestly importance for practical testing of R & D was a breadboard experimental outfit (BEO) created within the institute in April 1961 It comprised a radio assembly bay and a mechanic assembling bay, which grew into four workshops measuring a total of 1500 square meter with around 100 employee as early as late 1961 In 1962 BEO doubled its labor force and tripled its production areas. Research done from its scientific departments resulted in the manufacture of several designs of specialized equipment which was installed upon several Li-2 planes and a Mi-4 helicopter. An experimental plant was launched forward the basis of BEO in 1967 something that made it possible to expand work of experimental investigation and practical confirmation of things resulting from the

institute's theoretical endeavor.